Tommy N. Turner
Published research, working papers, and commentary.
Cite the concept DOI. It always resolves to the newest version and is what belongs in a citation. Version DOIs and this site's URL are not citation targets. ORCID 0009-0005-7422-9881 binds the Zenodo and SSRN identities.
Virginia data center series — statewide and analytical volumes
- What Virginia Is Spending, What Virginia Is Getting: The Commonwealth Data Center Referencev5.2
- Governing the Demand Shock: Local Institutional Variation in Virginia's Data Center Boom (Report)REPORT
- Governing the Demand Shock: Data Centers, Local Power, and the Distribution of Cost in VirginiaBOOK EDITION — sibling to the REPORT
- What Tennessee Is Building, and What It Is Not Regulating: A Statewide Data Center Report
- What Georgia Is Spending, What Georgia Is Getting: A Statewide Data Center Report
- Two Systems, One Drought: Virginia's Groundwater Ceiling, Its Rivers, and the Water the Energy Buildout Actually Uses
- The Aquifer Says No: DEQ's SJ 25 Groundwater Study and the Data Center Question East of I-95
- When the Operator Builds the Plant: The Google–CFS Power Purchase Agreement and What It Means for Virginia's Energy Market
Virginia data center series — county case studies
Henrico is the shell every case study clones.
- Case Study: Henrico County — How Two Neighborhoods Forced Virginia's Second-Largest Data Center Jurisdiction to Change CourseHenrico — the template
- Case Study: Hanover County — Mountain Road, Tract, and the Search for Leverage
- Case Study: Chesterfield County — The $0.24 Rate, the Thirty-Year Lock, and the Two-Corridor County
- Case Study: Mecklenburg County — Boydton, South Hill, and What Fifteen Years of Data Centers Produced
- Case Study: The Fredericksburg Ring — Five Jurisdictions, One Corridor, and the I-95 Path South
- Case Study: Orange County and the Town of Orange — Convergence at Two Scales
- Case Study: Louisa County — The First Overlay, the Amazon Retreat, and the $17 Billion Bet
- Case Study: Goochland County — The Overlay, the Lawsuit, and the TemplateSSRN posted with leading 'a' typo — Revise pending release
- Case Study: Botetourt County — Project Raspberry, the Water Authority, and the Wave That Crossed the Blue Ridge
- Case Study: Culpeper County — The Quiet Successor
- Case Study: Prince William County — Governance Capture, the Revolving Door, and the Democratic CorrectionZenodo v3.0; not on SSRN
Radford and municipal fiscal
- Fiscal Crossroads: An Options Analysis of the City of Radford, Virginia
- The Quiet Option: How Radford Drifted Into Fiscal Distresscompanion to Fiscal Crossroads
- Two Cities, One Machine: Radford and Martinsville
- What the Foundry Tookalso published as Cardinal News diptych, June 10–11, 2026
- Virginia College-City Fiscal Comparison: Charlottesville, Harrisonburg, Williamsburg, Radford
- Choice Under Constraint: Enterprise-Fund Transfers and Divergent Fiscal Trajectories Among Virginia's Independent Cities
- The Handle: How American Cities Tax the Universities They Can't Tax
AI governance in higher education
- Governance Without Readiness: How 53 American Universities Responded to Generative AISame work as SSRN 'The Control Trap' — do not treat as two
- Virginia Tech: Comprehensive AI Governance & Activity Inventory
- Lehigh University: Comprehensive AI Governance & Activity Inventory
- University of Virginia: Comprehensive AI Governance & Activity Inventory
- Marymount University: Comprehensive AI Governance & Activity Inventory
- William & Mary: Comprehensive AI Governance & Activity Inventory
- AI Governance Peer Institutional Benchmark: William and Mary's 23 BOV-Adopted National Peer Institutions
- AI in Virginia Higher Education: Public-Source Reference Guide for 30 Four-Year Institutions
James City County governance
- The Working Majority Public Dissent and Decision-Making on the James City County Board of Supervisors, 2010–2026
- Two Changes on the James City County Board of Supervisors: A Longitudinal Cohort Analysis, 2010–2026
- Representative Judgment After Public OppositionMcGlennon
- Public Participation and Representative Judgment in James City CountyNull
Op-eds and guest columns
- Virginia growth collides with groundwater limitsLee Enterprises paywall — permalink pending
- Williamsburg Watch column on JCSA permit renewal implicationsOpinion index only — title/URL to be confirmed
- Williamsburg Watch column on Virginia SJ 25 DEQ groundwater studyOpinion index only — title/URL to be confirmed
- Trump's Hormuz toll reversed, but the damage remains
- Radford named its distress. It hasn't named the cure.
- Researcher: The bill came dueRadford diptych, part 2 of 2
- Researcher: What the foundry took from RadfordRadford diptych, part 1 of 2 — also deposited as Zenodo 20612127
- The anniversary America's founders wouldn't believe
- Early warning signs of Radford's fiscal distress
- The case against Secretary Hegseth asking for $1.5 trillion
- China talks cannot replace a congressional vote on war
- As James City County budget adoption looms, disconnect between supervisors and residents is glaringly apparent
- How the numbers add up ahead of the Board of Supervisors decision
- Researcher: Spanberger visited Southwest Virginia. The way she visited tells the region what she thinks of it.
- Spanberger's data center position is the test of her affordability message
- More thoughts about budgeting, taxes — a letter to the James City supervisors
- Letter to JCC Supervisors
- Column on James City tax burden
- Jefferson, press freedom and the Pentagon
- Spanberger's first 100 days are flashing a warning Virginia Democrats should not ignore
- Why Virginia's data center deal no longer adds up
- A quiet digital fence around the Historic Triangle
- Finding patterns in the shift away from democracy
- Virginia should stop subsidizing data centers
- What Customs taught America about power
Longform
- Mounts Bay: A James City County Story, 2012–2026v3, revision 4
- Three Rooms: Williamsburg and James City County and the Joint School System, 1955–2026v3, revision 6
- If the Regime FitsParent essay to the June 5 RTD column
Policy assessments
- Artificial Intelligence Integration Across the National Nuclear Security Administration: A Comprehensive Unclassified AssessmentDistributed in anonymized form